{"id":3619,"date":"2020-03-10T09:00:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T08:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/?p=3619"},"modified":"2023-09-25T13:44:01","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T12:44:01","slug":"women-and-intellectual-property","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/femmes-et-propriete-intellectuelle\/","title":{"rendered":"Women and intellectual property"},"content":{"rendered":"

Women and intellectual property<\/h1>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

On the occasion of International Women's Rights Day, we return to the role of women in intellectual property. For many years, women creators have been sidelined, especially when it comes to acquiring rights. While disparities are now tending to decrease, gender equality is still not a reality.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Historic inequalities: women excluded from intellectual property law<\/h2>\n

States began to organise intellectual property law during the 19th century.th<\/sup> century. It was at this time that the first industrial property rights<\/a> (patents, trademarks) have been granted.<\/p>\n

This period is marked by a male predominance. In fact, the trades that could lead to industrial property rights were essentially reserved for men. It was difficult for women to become engineers, scientists, composers or writers. Prohibitions were legal or simply social. For example, art schools closed their doors to women on the 19th of December.th<\/sup>. And it wasn't until 1972 that the Ecole Polytechnique became co-educational...<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Intellectual property law has thus been strongly marked by these social prohibitions<\/a>. It was also common for works by women to be broadcast under a pseudonym. Whether they were press cartoons, novels or inventions. Moreover, the acquisition of a patent or copyright by a woman was subject to the rules of matrimonial regimes. A woman could not freely dispose of her family name, which belonged to her father or husband. Similarly, she could not, without male authorization, receive income from her work.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

The Evolution of Intellectual Property: Towards Gender Equality?<\/h2>\n

In the second half of the 20thth<\/sup> In the 20th century, thanks to the rights liberation movements, society's outlook changed. Women can (fortunately!) now become authors or inventors. But The World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO) considers that \"latent discrimination\" persists.<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This analysis is based in particular on statistical data: \"with regard to patent filings, there is a significant gap between the number of women and men filing applications; women are conspicuous by their absence in all areas of the patent system. \"The figures are edifying. For example, \"patent applications naming a female inventor represent only 4% of applications in German-speaking countries, 10% of applications in the United States. \"WIPO even points out that \"women scientists and engineers are half as likely as men to obtain a patent for their work. \u00bb<\/p>\n

However, the Office deplores a lack of data, particularly in other areas of intellectual property (trademarks, copyright, etc.). Indeedthe vast majority of studies on gender disparities in intellectual property<\/a>s, have focused on the patent system. But it is believed that women working in a creative field of copyright (publishing, film production or music recording) are no better off.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Less discrimination among legal practitioners<\/h2>\n

Women are still under-represented in the practice of intellectual property rights. Fortunately, the gap is narrowing. In France, in the sector of industrial property attorneys (CPI), parity is not very far away: there are 46% of women ICC in 2020<\/a> (compared to 43% 10 years ago).<\/p>\n

However, as in other legal professions, there are salary disparities and a lack of women in positions of responsibility. In traditional law firms, there is an overwhelming majority of male partners.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, there are small, mostly female ICC firms emerging. This is the case of our women's 100% team.<\/a> and determined to accompany you in all your endeavours.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les femmes et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle \u00a0 A l\u2019occasion de la journ\u00e9e internationale des droits de la femme, nous revenons sur le r\u00f4le des femmes dans la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Durant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, les cr\u00e9atrices ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0 l’\u00e9cart, en particulier lors de l’acquisition des droits. Si les disparit\u00e9s ont aujourd\u2019hui tendance \u00e0 reculer, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4666,"featured_media":3623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","tve_updated_post":"

___TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW__<h1>Les femmes et la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/h1><p> <\/p><p>A l\u2019occasion de la journ\u00e9e internationale des droits de la femme, nous revenons sur le r\u00f4le des femmes dans la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Durant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, les cr\u00e9atrices ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0 l'\u00e9cart, en particulier lors de l'acquisition des droits. Si les disparit\u00e9s ont aujourd\u2019hui tendance \u00e0 reculer, l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes n'est pas encore d'actualit\u00e9.<\/p><p> <\/p><h2>Des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s historiques : les femmes exclues du droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/h2><p>Les Etats ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser le droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle au cours du 19<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. C\u2019est \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque que les <a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/actualite-pi\/petite-histoire-des-marques-2\">premiers titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle<\/a> (brevets, marques) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Cette p\u00e9riode est marqu\u00e9e par une pr\u00e9dominance masculine. En effet, les m\u00e9tiers qui pouvaient permettre d\u2019obtenir des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle \u00e9taient essentiellement r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux hommes. Les femmes pouvaient difficilement pr\u00e9tendre aux fonctions d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs, de scientifiques, de compositeurs ou d\u2019\u00e9crivains. Les interdictions \u00e9taient l\u00e9gales ou simplement sociales. A titre d\u2019exemple, les \u00e9coles de Beaux-Arts ferment leurs portes aux femmes au 19<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>. Et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_polytechnique_(France)#Femmes_%C3%A0_l'%C3%89cole_polytechnique\">c\u2019est seulement en 1972 que l\u2019Ecole Polytechnique est devenue mixte<\/a>.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.persee.fr\/doc\/roman_0048-8593_1992_num_22_77_6047\">Le droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement marqu\u00e9 par ces interdits sociaux<\/a>. Il arrivait d\u2019ailleurs fr\u00e9quemment que les \u0153uvres r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par des femmes soient diffus\u00e9es sous un pseudonyme. Que ce soit des dessins de presse, des romans ou des inventions. En outre, l\u2019acquisition d\u2019un brevet ou d\u2019un droit d\u2019auteur par une femme se heurtait aux r\u00e8gles des r\u00e9gimes matrimoniaux. La femme ne pouvait alors disposer librement de son nom de famille, qui appartenait \u00e0 son p\u00e8re ou \u00e0 son mari. De m\u00eame, elle ne pouvait, sans autorisation masculine, toucher de revenus du fait de son travail.<\/p><p> <\/p><h2>L\u2019\u00e9volution de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle : vers une \u00e9galit\u00e9 hommes-femmes ?<\/h2><p>Dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du 20<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, gr\u00e2ce aux mouvements de lib\u00e9ration des droits, le regard de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a chang\u00e9. Les femmes peuvent (heureusement !) d\u00e9sormais devenir auteures ou inventrices. Mais <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/wipo_magazine\/fr\/2018\/02\/article_0001.html\">l\u2019Office mondial de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle (OMPI) consid\u00e8re qu\u2019une \u00ab discrimination latente \u00bb persiste<\/a>.<\/p><p>Cette analyse s\u2019appuie notamment sur des donn\u00e9es statistiques : \u00ab pour ce qui est des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de demandes de brevet, il existe un \u00e9cart significatif entre le nombre de femmes et d\u2019hommes qui d\u00e9posent des demandes ; les femmes brillent par leur absence dans tous les domaines du syst\u00e8me des brevets. \u00bb Les chiffres sont \u00e9difiants. Ainsi, \u00ab les demandes de brevet citant une inventrice repr\u00e9sentent seulement 4% des demandes dans les pays germanophones, 10% des demandes aux \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00bb L\u2019OMPI rappelle m\u00eame que \u00ab les femmes scientifiques et ing\u00e9nieurs ont deux fois moins de chances que les hommes d\u2019obtenir un brevet pour leurs travaux. \u00bb<\/p><p>L\u2019Office d\u00e9plore cependant un manque de donn\u00e9es, en particulier dans les autres domaines de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle (marques, droits d\u2019auteur\u2026). En effet<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/women-and-ip\/fr\/academic-resources.html\">, la grande majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudes sur les disparit\u00e9s hommes-femmes dans la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/a>, ont port\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me des brevets. Mais on estime que les femmes qui exercent dans un domaine cr\u00e9atif relevant du droit d\u2019auteur (\u00e9dition, production de films ou enregistrement de musique) ne sont pas mieux loties.<\/p><p> <\/p><h2>Des discriminations moins marqu\u00e9es parmi les praticiens \/ praticiennes du droit<\/h2><p>Les femmes sont aujourd\u2019hui encore sous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es dans la pratique des droits de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Heureusement, l\u2019\u00e9cart est en train de se r\u00e9duire. En France, dans le secteur des conseils en propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle (CPI), la parit\u00e9 n\u2019est plus tr\u00e8s loin : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cncpi.fr\/les_cpi\/chiffres-cles\/\">on compte 46% de femmes CPI en 2020<\/a> (contre 43% il y a 10 ans).<\/p><p>Mais comme dans les autres professions juridiques, l\u2019on regrette des disparit\u00e9s salariales, ainsi que le manque de femmes aux postes \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9s. Dans les cabinets traditionnels, l'on remarque une \u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 d\u2019hommes associ\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Heureusement, l\u2019on constate l\u2019apparition de petits cabinets de CPI compos\u00e9s majoritairement de femmes. <a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/yamark-claire-yam\">C\u2019est le cas de notre \u00e9quipe 100% f\u00e9minine<\/a> et d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00e0 vous accompagner dans toutes vos d\u00e9marches.<\/p>__TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW___<\/div><\/div>","tve_custom_css":"@media (min-width: 300px){.tcb-post-list[data-css=\"tve-u-16ecb5f152b\"] .post-wrapper.thrv_wrapper { width: calc(50% - 10px); }.tcb-post-list[data-css=\"tve-u-16ecb5f152b\"] .post-wrapper.thrv_wrapper:nth-child(n+3) { margin-top: 20px !important; }.tcb-post-list[data-css=\"tve-u-16ecb5f152b\"] .post-wrapper.thrv_wrapper:not(:nth-child(n+3)) { margin-top: 0px !important; }.tcb-post-list[data-css=\"tve-u-16ecb5f152b\"] .post-wrapper.thrv_wrapper:not(:nth-child(2n)) { margin-right: 20px !important; }.tcb-post-list[data-css=\"tve-u-16ecb5f152b\"] .post-wrapper.thrv_wrapper:nth-child(2n) { margin-right: 0px !important; }}","tve_user_custom_css":"","tve_globals":{"e":"1","font_cls":[]},"tcb2_ready":1,"tcb_editor_enabled":1,"tve_landing_page":"","_tve_header":"","_tve_footer":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[334,132,333,332,235],"class_list":["post-3619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fun-facts","tag-8-mars","tag-droit-dauteur","tag-egalite","tag-femmes","tag-propriete-intellectuelle","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4666"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}