{"id":3042,"date":"2018-09-17T10:52:19","date_gmt":"2018-09-17T08:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/?page_id=3042"},"modified":"2023-09-27T10:40:24","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T09:40:24","slug":"territorialite","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/guide-marques\/territorialite\/","title":{"rendered":"Territoriality in trademark law"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"principle-of-territoriality\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Territoriality in trademark law<\/h1>\n

Principle: a trademark is valid in only one territory<\/h2>\n

One brand = one country<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Unlike other intellectual property rights, trademark law has no extraterritorial effect: a French trademark will only be protected on French territory. It cannot be opposed to a competitor who uses the same name abroad. As an anteriority, it is only valid in France.<\/p>\n

In addition, each Office will examine the trademark application according to its own rules. The registration of a trademark in one State does not affect the other Offices. Your trademark can thus be rejected in England, without you being able to argue by presenting the French registration document.<\/p>\n

The special case of regional brands<\/strong><\/h3>\n

It is possible to register your trademark in a number of countries. This makes it possible to benefit from a single title valid in a larger territory. The advantage lies in their price\u00a0<\/a>A regional trademark costs much less than a registration in each of the countries covered.<\/p>\n

This is the case of the European Union trademark, which provides protection in all member states (28 countries). It is not possible to choose the countries in which the trademark will take effect: it is valid for the whole of the EU.<\/p>\n

Another example is the OAPI trademark, which is registered with the African Intellectual Property Organization. This trademark is valid in the 17 African countries that are members of this system (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo).<\/p>\n

Consequences of territoriality on the life of the brand :<\/h2>\n

Availability is assessed for each country<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Prior art searches<\/a> that you must carry out prior to filing must also respect this principle of territoriality. You must search country by country. It is therefore possible that the name you have chosen is available in France but not in Spain.<\/p>\n

It can happen that the same product is sold under different brands in different countries. If there are sometimes marketing reasons behind this name change, the principle of territoriality is sometimes responsible. This is the case of Burger King in Australia. As the name is already used by a local fast-food chain, the American giant was forced to opt for another name in this country: Hungry Jack's.<\/p>\n

No territorial limitations on trademark assignment<\/strong><\/h3>\n

If you decide to assign your French trademark, be careful: territorial limitations (art. L.714-1 al. 1 CPI<\/a>). Thus, a trademark cannot be transferred only for a region or a department. The same applies to the European Union trademark, which can only be assigned for the entire territory of the EU: it is forbidden to assign the trademark only for one or more Member States.<\/p>\n

In order to be able to grant third parties rights to use your trademark with territorial limitations, you can conclude a trademark license. The licensee will be able to exploit the trademark in only part of the territory of the application.<\/p>\n

Exceptions: some names are never available<\/h2>\n

Well-known trademarks enjoy extensive protection<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In view of the principle of territoriality, the owner of a French trademark cannot oppose an application made in Italy if he does not have a trademark in that country. However, if his trademark is well-known (i.e. known by a large fraction of the public), he can enforce his rights abroad. Of course, judges are very demanding in their assessment of notoriety.<\/p>\n

Fraudulent deposit may be punished<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In case of fraud<\/a>the principle of territoriality no longer applies. This is particularly the case when there is usurpation. For example, when a third party is ahead of a trademark owner in another territory. The \"Corona Extra\" beer brand was about to enter the French market. A third party registered the trademark in France, with a view to reselling it to the real owner when the time came. Offices may sanction such practices.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La territorialit\u00e9 en droit des\u00a0 marques Principe\u00a0: une marque n\u2019est valable que sur un seul territoire Une marque = un pays A la diff\u00e9rence des autres droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, le droit des marques ne produit aucun effet extraterritorial\u00a0: une marque fran\u00e7aise ne sera prot\u00e9g\u00e9e que sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais. Elle ne peut \u00eatre oppos\u00e9e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","tve_updated_post":"

___TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW__<p><a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/territorialite.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3043 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/territorialite-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"principe-de-territorialite\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/p><h1>La territorialit\u00e9 en droit des  marques<\/h1><h2>Principe : une marque n\u2019est valable que sur un seul territoire<\/h2><h3><strong>Une marque = un pays<\/strong><\/h3><p>A la diff\u00e9rence des autres droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, le droit des marques ne produit aucun effet extraterritorial : une marque fran\u00e7aise ne sera prot\u00e9g\u00e9e que sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais. Elle ne peut \u00eatre oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 un concurrent qui utiliserait le m\u00eame nom \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Comme ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9, elle n\u2019est valable qu\u2019en France.<\/p><p>De plus, chaque Office va examiner la demande de marque selon ses propres r\u00e8gles. L\u2019enregistrement d\u2019une marque dans un Etat n\u2019a aucune incidence sur les autres Offices. Votre marque pourra ainsi \u00eatre rejet\u00e9e en Angleterre, sans que vous puissiez argumenter en pr\u00e9sentant l\u2019acte d\u2019enregistrement fran\u00e7ais.<\/p><h3><strong>Le cas particulier des marques r\u00e9gionales<\/strong><\/h3><p>Il est possible de d\u00e9poser sa marque dans un ensemble de pays. Cela permet de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un titre unique valable dans un territoire plus large. <a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/actualite-pi\/combien-coute-une-marque\">L\u2019avantage r\u00e9side dans leur prix <\/a>: une marque r\u00e9gionale co\u00fbte beaucoup moins cher qu\u2019un d\u00e9p\u00f4t dans chacun des pays couverts.<\/p><p>C\u2019est le cas de la marque de l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne, qui permet d\u2019obtenir une protection dans tous les Etats membres (28 pays). Il n\u2019est pas possible de choisir les pays dans lesquels la marque prendra effet : elle est valable pour l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019UE.<\/p><p>On peut \u00e9galement citer la marque de l\u2019OAPI, qui est d\u00e9pos\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019Organisation Africaine de la Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 Intellectuelle. Cette marque est valable dans les 17 pays africains membres de ce syst\u00e8me (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Centrafrique, Comores, Congo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Gabon, Guin\u00e9e, Guin\u00e9e Bissau, Guin\u00e9e Equatoriale, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Tchad, Togo).<\/p><h2>Cons\u00e9quences de la territorialit\u00e9 sur la vie de la marque :<\/h2><h3><strong>La disponibilit\u00e9 s\u2019appr\u00e9cie pour chaque pays<\/strong><\/h3><p><a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/guide-marques\/disponibilite-marque-recherche-danteriorites\/\">Les recherches d\u2019ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9<\/a> que vous devez effectuer avant le d\u00e9p\u00f4t doivent \u00e9galement respecter ce principe de territorialit\u00e9. Vous devez faire les recherches pays par pays. Il est donc possible que le nom que vous avez retenu soit disponible en France mais pas en Espagne.<\/p><p>Il arrive ainsi qu\u2019un m\u00eame produit soit vendu sous des marques diff\u00e9rentes selon les pays. S\u2019il y a parfois des raisons marketing derri\u00e8re ce changement de nom, le principe de territorialit\u00e9 est parfois responsable. C\u2019est le cas de Burger King en Australie. Le nom \u00e9tant d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 par une cha\u00eene de fast-food locale, le g\u00e9ant am\u00e9ricain a \u00e9t\u00e9 oblig\u00e9 d\u2019opter pour un autre nom dans ce pays : Hungry Jack\u2019s.<\/p><h3><strong>Pas de limitations territoriales lors de la cession de marque<\/strong><\/h3><p>Si vous d\u00e9cidez de c\u00e9der votre marque fran\u00e7aise, soyez prudent : on ne peut pas sp\u00e9cifier de limitations territoriales (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006279716&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414&amp;dateTexte=20180917&amp;oldAction=rechCodeArticle&amp;fastReqId=917854078&amp;nbResultRech=1\">art. L.714-1 al. 1 CPI<\/a>). Ainsi, une marque ne peut pas \u00eatre c\u00e9d\u00e9e uniquement pour une r\u00e9gion ou un d\u00e9partement. Il en va de m\u00eame pour la marque de l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne, dont la cession n\u2019est possible que pour l\u2019ensemble du territoire de l\u2019UE : il est interdit de c\u00e9der la marque seulement pour un ou plusieurs Etat(s) membre(s).<\/p><p>Pour pouvoir conf\u00e9rer \u00e0 un tiers des droits d\u2019exploitation de votre marque avec des limitations territoriales, vous pouvez conclure une licence de marque. Le licenci\u00e9 pourra exploiter la marque sur une partie seulement du territoire de d\u00e9p\u00f4t.<\/p><h2>Exceptions : certains noms ne sont jamais disponibles<\/h2><h3><strong>Les marques notoires b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une protection \u00e9tendue<\/strong><\/h3><p>Compte tenu du principe de territorialit\u00e9, le titulaire d\u2019une marque fran\u00e7aise ne peut s\u2019opposer \u00e0 un d\u00e9p\u00f4t r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en Italie, s\u2019il ne dispose pas d\u2019une marque dans ce pays. Mais, si sa marque est notoirement connue (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elle est connue par une large fraction du public), il peut faire valoir ses droits \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Evidemment, les juges sont tr\u00e8s exigeants dans l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation du caract\u00e8re notoire.<\/p><h3><strong>Le d\u00e9p\u00f4t frauduleux peut \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9<\/strong><\/h3><p><a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/actualite-pi\/depot-abusif-marque\">En cas de fraude<\/a>, le principe de territorialit\u00e9 ne s\u2019applique plus. C\u2019est notamment le cas lorsqu\u2019il y a usurpation. Par exemple, lorsqu\u2019un tiers devance un titulaire de marque sur un autre territoire. La marque de bi\u00e8re \u00ab Corona Extra \u00bb allait arriver sur le march\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais. Un tiers a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 la marque en France, en vue de la revendre au v\u00e9ritable exploitant le moment venu. Les offices peuvent sanctionner de telles pratiques.<\/p>__TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW___<\/div><\/div>
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