{"id":1715,"date":"2016-08-30T17:29:27","date_gmt":"2016-08-30T17:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/?page_id=1715"},"modified":"2023-03-16T10:48:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T09:48:23","slug":"distinctive-and-descriptive","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/guide-marques\/distinctivite-et-descriptivite\/","title":{"rendered":"Distinctiveness and descriptiveness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/GM_distinctivite.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/GM_distinctivite-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"brand dinstinctiveness\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>Distinctiveness and descriptiveness<\/h1>\n<p>Among the conditions that must be met <a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/deposit-rates\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/tarifs-depot\">a trademark when it is registered<\/a>The requirement of distinctiveness: a trademark cannot be descriptive, otherwise the goods it designates could not be distinguished from those of the competition.<\/p>\n<h2>What is a descriptive mark?<\/h2>\n<p>A descriptive mark does not allow to differentiate the product concerned from other competing products because it designates it by its common name, or by one of its essential qualities: these terms must remain available to all operators in a market. For example, the name \"Assiette\" cannot be used as a trademark for a company manufacturing plates. This example illustrates the direct link between the chosen name and the product; the trademark directly describes the product concerned. Similarly, the mark cannot consist of an essential characteristic of a product or service. For example, the expression \"cheap\" cannot be used to designate a brand of low-cost clothing, or the word \"sharp\" to designate knives. Finally, in the context of a figurative mark, the sign cannot directly represent the product concerned.<\/p>\n<p>These three categories of non-distinctive signs are specified in the intellectual property code, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006279683&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006279683&amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414\" data-cke-saved- target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article L711-2<\/a> states that :<\/p>\n<p>\"Are devoid of distinctive character:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Signs or denominations which, in everyday or professional language, are exclusively the necessary, generic or customary designation of the goods or services ;<\/li>\n<li>Signs or denominations which may serve to designate a characteristic of the goods or services, and in particular the kind, quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin and time of production of the goods or provision of the service ;<\/li>\n<li>Signs consisting exclusively of the form imposed by the nature or function of the goods or conferring substantial value on the goods. \u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On the other hand, any term can be used to refer to a totally different product, even if that term would be used in everyday language. For example, the word \"plate\" could be used for a brand of clothing, as the two concepts are unrelated.<\/p>\n<h2>Arbitrary mark and distinctiveness<\/h2>\n<p>Unlike a descriptive mark, an arbitrary mark does not have a link with the goods or services concerned. The possibilities are then multiple, ranging from a common name with no link to the goods or services concerned, to an acronym, a family name or an invented term.<\/p>\n<p>Although choosing an arbitrary trademark is often the best option, it is often possible to circumvent a refusal <a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\">upon registration of a trademark<\/a> descriptive: this can be done by adding a distinctive element, for example a logo. The addition of a logo or a drawing makes the trademark distinctive enough to be validated by the INPI, but the protection granted is not of the same order. Only the logo will be really protected and the name itself cannot be really defended.<\/p>\n<h2>Acquisition and loss of distinctiveness<\/h2>\n<p>A distinctive mark on the day it is filed can become descriptive later on: this is known as trademark degeneration. The hypothesis is rare but occurs when the use of a trademark is such that it becomes a common name to designate the product concerned. The best known example is that of the trademark \"Pi\u00f1a Colada\", a term now commonly used to designate a cocktail, even though it was originally a trademark. In the event of degeneration, an action for revocation can be brought and cause the trademark to lose all rights to the product.<\/p>\n<p>Conversely, a trademark can acquire distinctiveness over time as long as consumers perceive it as such. The \"vente-privee.com\" trademark is a good example of this. The term \"private sale\" does not in itself imply any distinctiveness for online sales services, but the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legalis.net\/spip.php?page=jurisprudence-decision&amp;id_article=4538\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/www.legalis.net\/spip.php?page=jurisprudence-decision&amp;id_article=4538\" data-cke-saved- target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Paris Court of Appeal ruled in 2014<\/a> that that expression was perceived by the public as referring to the services of a particular undertaking, which is sufficient to qualify it as a trade mark. It could therefore be registered, thanks to an acquisition of distinctiveness through use.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Distinctivit\u00e9 et descriptivit\u00e9 Parmi les conditions que doit remplir une marque lors de son d\u00e9p\u00f4t, on trouve l\u2019exigence de distinctivit\u00e9 : une marque ne peut \u00eatre descriptive, sans quoi les produits qu\u2019elle d\u00e9signe ne pourraient \u00eatre distingu\u00e9s de ceux de la concurrence. Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une marque descriptive ? Une marque descriptive ne permet pas de diff\u00e9rencier [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","tve_updated_post":"<div class=\"thrv_wrapper tve_wp_shortcode\" data-css=\"tve-u-17624632529\"><div class=\"tve_shortcode_raw\" style=\"display: none\">___TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW__&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/GM_distinctivite.jpg\"&gt;&lt;img class=\"size-medium wp-image-1719 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/GM_distinctivite-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"dinstinctivit\u00e9 marque\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Distinctivit\u00e9 et descriptivit\u00e9&lt;\/h1&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parmi les conditions que doit remplir &lt;a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/tarifs-depot\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/tarifs-depot\"&gt;une marque lors de son d\u00e9p\u00f4t&lt;\/a&gt;, on trouve l\u2019exigence de distinctivit\u00e9 : une marque ne peut \u00eatre descriptive, sans quoi les produits qu\u2019elle d\u00e9signe ne pourraient \u00eatre distingu\u00e9s de ceux de la concurrence.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=\"ckeditor\"&gt;Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une marque descriptive ?&lt;\/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une marque descriptive ne permet pas de diff\u00e9rencier le produit concern\u00e9 des autres produits concurrents car elle le d\u00e9signe par son nom commun, ou par l'une de ses qualit\u00e9s essentielles&nbsp;: ces termes doivent rester disponibles pour&nbsp;l\u2019ensemble des op\u00e9rateurs d\u2019un march\u00e9. Par exemple, le nom \u00ab Assiette \u00bb ne pourra pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 en tant que marque pour une entreprise fabriquant des assiettes. Cet&nbsp;exemple illustre lien direct entre le nom choisi et le produit ;&nbsp;la marque d\u00e9crit directement le produit vis\u00e9. De m\u00eame, la marque ne peut pas \u00eatre consitut\u00e9e d'une caract\u00e9ristique essentielle d'un produit ou service. Par exemple, l\u2019expression \u00ab bon march\u00e9 \u00bb ne saurait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9signer une marque de v\u00eatements \u00e0 bas prix, ou encore le mot \u00ab tranchant \u00bb pour d\u00e9signer des couteaux. Enfin, dans le cadre d\u2019une marque figurative, le signe ne peut repr\u00e9senter directement le produit concern\u00e9.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ces trois cat\u00e9gories de signes d\u00e9pourvus de distinctivit\u00e9 sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9es dans le code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle, dont &lt;a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006279683&amp;amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414\" data-cke-saved-href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006279683&amp;amp;cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414\"&gt;l\u2019article L711-2&lt;\/a&gt; dispose que :&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00ab Sont d\u00e9pourvus de caract\u00e8re distinctif :&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Les signes ou d\u00e9nominations qui, dans le langage courant ou professionnel, sont exclusivement la d\u00e9signation n\u00e9cessaire, g\u00e9n\u00e9rique ou usuelle du produit ou du service ;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Les signes ou d\u00e9nominations pouvant servir \u00e0 d\u00e9signer une caract\u00e9ristique du produit ou du service, et notamment l'esp\u00e8ce, la qualit\u00e9, la quantit\u00e9, la destination, la valeur, la provenance g\u00e9ographique, l'\u00e9poque de la production du bien ou de la prestation de service ;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Les signes constitu\u00e9s exclusivement par la forme impos\u00e9e par la nature ou la fonction du produit, ou conf\u00e9rant \u00e0 ce dernier sa valeur substantielle. \u00bb&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;En revanche, n\u2019importe quel terme peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9signer un produit totalement diff\u00e9rent, quand bien m\u00eame ce terme serait utilis\u00e9 dans le langage courant. Ainsi, le mot \u00ab assiette \u00bb pourra \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour une marque de v\u00eatements, ces deux notions n\u2019ayant aucun lien.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=\"ckeditor\"&gt;Marque arbitraire et distinctivit\u00e9&lt;\/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A l\u2019inverse d\u2019une marque descriptive, une marque arbitraire ne pr\u00e9sente pas de lien avec le produit ou service concern\u00e9. Les possibilit\u00e9s sont alors multiples, allant d\u2019un nom commun sans lien avec les produits ou services vis\u00e9s,&nbsp;\u00e0 un acronyme, un nom de famille ou encore un terme invent\u00e9.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u00eame si opter pour une marque arbitraire s\u2019av\u00e8re bien souvent la meilleure option, il est souvent possible de contourner un refus &lt;a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\"&gt;lors d\u2019un d\u00e9p\u00f4t d\u2019une marque&lt;\/a&gt; descriptive : il suffit pour cela de rajouter un \u00e9l\u00e9ment distinctif, par exemple un logo. L\u2019ajout d\u2019un logo ou d\u2019un dessin rend en principe la marque assez distinctive pour \u00eatre valid\u00e9e par l\u2019INPI, mais la protection accord\u00e9e n\u2019est pas du m\u00eame ordre. Seul le logo sera r\u00e9ellement prot\u00e9g\u00e9 et le nom en lui-m\u00eame ne pourra pas&nbsp;\u00eatre r\u00e9ellement d\u00e9fendu.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=\"ckeditor\"&gt;Acquisition et perte de distinctivit\u00e9&lt;\/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Une marque distinctive le jour de son d\u00e9p\u00f4t peut devenir descriptive ult\u00e9rieurement : on parle alors de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence de la marque. L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se est rare mais survient lorsque l\u2019usage d\u2019une marque est tel qu\u2019elle devient un nom commun pour d\u00e9signer le produit concern\u00e9. L\u2019exemple le plus connu est celui de la marque \"Pi\u00f1a Colada\", un terme d\u00e9sormais couramment utilis\u00e9&nbsp;pour d\u00e9signer un cocktail, alors m\u00eame qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une marque. En cas de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence, une action en d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance peut \u00eatre intent\u00e9e et faire perdre tout droit sur la marque.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A l\u2019inverse, une marque peut acqu\u00e9rir sa distinctivit\u00e9 avec le temps d\u00e8s lors que les consommateurs la consid\u00e8rent comme telle. La marque \u00ab vente-privee.com \u00bb en est l\u2019illustration m\u00eame. Le terme \u00ab vente priv\u00e9e \u00bb ne comporte en lui-m\u00eame aucune distinctivit\u00e9 pour des services de vente en ligne, mais la &lt;a href=\"http:\/\/www.legalis.net\/spip.php?page=jurisprudence-decision&amp;amp;id_article=4538\" data-cke-saved-href=\"http:\/\/www.legalis.net\/spip.php?page=jurisprudence-decision&amp;amp;id_article=4538\"&gt;Cour d\u2019Appel de Paris a jug\u00e9 en 2014&lt;\/a&gt; que cette expression \u00e9tait per\u00e7ue par le&nbsp;public comme faisant r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux services d'une entreprise en particulier, ce qui suffit \u00e0 la qualifier de marque. Elle a donc pu \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9e, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une acquisition de la distinctivit\u00e9 par l'usage.&lt;\/p&gt;__TVE_SHORTCODE_RAW___<\/div><\/div><div class=\"thrv_wrapper thrv-button thrv-button-v2 tcb-local-vars-root\" data-css=\"tve-u-17624632510\">\n<div class=\"thrive-colors-palette-config\" style=\"display: none !important\">__CONFIG_colors_palette__{\"active_palette\":0,\"config\":{\"colors\":{\"62516\":{\"name\":\"Main Accent\",\"parent\":-1}},\"gradients\":[]},\"palettes\":[{\"name\":\"Default Palette\",\"value\":{\"colors\":{\"62516\":{\"val\":\"var(--tcb-skin-color-0)\"}},\"gradients\":[]}}]}__CONFIG_colors_palette__<\/div>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/guide-marques\/\" class=\"tcb-button-link tcb-plain-text\">\n<span class=\"tcb-button-texts\"><span class=\"tcb-button-text thrv-inline-text\">Retour au menu<\/span><\/span>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>","tve_custom_css":"@media (min-width: 300px){[data-css=\"tve-u-17624632510\"] .tcb-button-link { letter-spacing: 2px; background-image: linear-gradient(var(--tcb-local-color-62516,rgb(19,114,211)),var(--tcb-local-color-62516,rgb(19,114,211))); --tve-applied-background-image:linear-gradient(var$(--tcb-local-color-62516,rgb(19,114,211)),var$(--tcb-local-color-62516,rgb(19,114,211))); background-size: auto; background-attachment: scroll; border-radius: 5px; overflow: hidden; padding: 18px; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; }[data-css=\"tve-u-17624632510\"] .tcb-button-link span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --tcb-applied-color:#fff; }[data-css=\"tve-u-17624632510\"] { --tcb-local-color-62516:var(--tcb-skin-color-0); }[data-css=\"tve-u-17624632529\"] { --tcb-local-color-62516:var(--tcb-skin-color-0) !important; }}","tve_user_custom_css":"","tve_globals":{"e":"1","font_cls":[]},"tcb2_ready":1,"tcb_editor_enabled":0,"tve_landing_page":"","_tve_header":"0","_tve_footer":"0"},"class_list":["post-1715","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1715"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1715\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/depot-de-marque.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}